Lin PuLin Pu

Organic, Polymer and Organometallic Chemistry; Asymmetric Catalysis; Chiral Sensors; Optically Active materials

Multi-disciplinary research programs involving organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, dendrimers, organometalic chemistry, asymmetric catalysis, and molecular recognition are conducted in our laboratory. Our main interests focus on the design and synthesis of novel chiral molecules and macromolecules for applications in asymmetric catalysis, chiral sensors, polarized light emission and nonlinear optics.

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We have chosen the derivatives of (R)- and (S)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) to build novel main chain chiral conjugated polymers since these molecules have exhibited remarkably stable chiral configuration as well as high chiral induction in many asymmetric processes. We expect that incorporation of the optically active binaphthyls in the main chain of conjugated polymers may lead to efficient and stable chiral induction or chiral discrimination when these materials are used to carry out asymmetric electrosynthesis, polarized light emission and other applications. Efficient electroluminescent properties have been observed for these materials. Chiral conjugated nonlinear optical polymers are also synthesized and studied.

We have discovered that the Lewis acid complexes of the optically active binaphthyl molecules and polymers can carry out highly enantioselective organic reactions such as organozinc additions to aldehydes, hetero-Diels-Alder reactions, 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, reductions of ketones, Michael additions, epoxidations and others. Using the chiral polymers has the advantage of easy recovery of the catalysts and simplified product purification. We have further synthesized optically active polymers that contain both BINOL and BINAP ligands. The BINOL ligands are used to make Lewis acid catalysts and the BINAP ligands are used to make late transition metal catalysts. Such novel multifunctional chiral catalysts have been used to catalyze tandem asymmetric reactions with high enantioselectivity as well as diastereoselectivity.

We have synthesized novel rigid and optically active dendrimers. Efficient energy migration from the cross-conjugated light harvesting dendrons to the chiral binaphthyl core has been observed. The fluorescence intensity of these dendrimers is dramatically increased over that of the small parent molecule BINOL. The greatly enhanced fluorescence of the dendrimers makes them more useful as fluorescent sensors than BINOL. We have discovered that the fluorescence of the dendrimers can be enantioselectively quenched by chiral amino alcohols. Thus, the dendrimers can serve as highly sensitive as well as enantioselective fluorescent sensors. Enantioselective hosts for the fluorescent detection of other chiral organic molecules such as a-hydroxycarboxylic acids have also been designed and synthesized. Further study of these materials aims at developing enantioselective fluorescent sensors for rapid determination of the enantiomeric composition of chiral compounds. One application of such sensors will be in the combinatorial search of chiral catalysts.

Publication List

121.

“Supramolecular Assemblies of Chiral Propargylic Alcohols.”  Hyacinth, M.;  Chruszcz, M.;  Lee, K. S.;  Sabat, M.;  Gao, G.;  Pu, L.  Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.  2006, 45, 5358-5360.

120.

“Highly Enantioselective Diphenylzinc Addition to Aliphatic and Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Readily Available H8BINOL Derivative.”  Qin, Y. –C.;  Pu, L.  Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.  2006, 45, 273-277.  Angew. Chem.  2006, 118, 279-283. 

119.

“First Optically Active Molecular Electronic Wires.”  Zhu, Y. L.;  Gergel, N.;  Majumdar, N.;  Harriott, L. R.;  Bean, J. C.;  Pu, L.  Org. Lett.  2006, 8, 355-358.

118.

“Synthesis of the Bifunctional BINOL Ligands and Their Application in the Asymmetric Additions to Carbonyl Compounds.”  Qin, Y. –C.;  Liu, L.;  Sabat, M.;  Pu, L.  Tetrahedron  2006, 62, 9335–9348.

117.

“Highly Β-Selective Epoxidation of the Δ5- and Δ4-Unsaturated Steroids Catalyzed by the Silica-Supported Polyhalogenated Ruthenium Porphyrin.”  Zhao, Y. –C.;  Xiang, Y. –Z.;  Pu, L.;  Yang, M.;  Yu, X. –Q.  Applied Catalysis A: General  2006, 301, 176–181.

116.

“Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of γ-Hydroxy-α,Β-acetylenic Esters by Asymmetric Alkyne Addition to Aldehydes.”  Gao, G.;  Wang, Q.;  Yu, X. –Q.;  Xie, R. –G.;   Pu, L.  Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 122-125. 

115.

“Regiospecific Hydration of γ-Hydroxy-α,Β-Acetylenic Esters:  A Novel Asymmetric Synthesis of Tetronic Acids.”  Rajaram, A. R.;  Pu, L.  Org. Lett.  2006, 8,2019 - 2021.

114.

“Enantioselective Fluorescent Recognition of a Soluble Supported Chiral Acid:  Toward a New Method for Chiral Catalyst Screening.”  Li, Z. -B.;  Lin, J.;  Qin, Y. –C.;  Pu, L.  Org. Lett.  2005, 7, 3441-3444.

113.

“Chiral Acetylenic Macromolecules.”  Pu, L.  Chapter 11 in Acetylene Chemistry – Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science  Diederich, F.;  Tykwinski, R. R.;  Stang, P.  Eds.  Wiley-VCH Verlag Gmbh, Weinheim, Germany, 2005, pp 453-494.

112.

“A Cyclohexyl-1,2-diamine-Derived Bisbinaphthyl Macrocycle:  Enhanced Sensitivity and Enantioselectivity in the Fluorescent Recognition of Mandelic Acid.”  Li, Z. –B.;  Lin, J.;  Pu, L.  Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.  2005, 44, 1690-1693.  Angew. Chem.  2005, 117, 1718-1721. 

111.

“An Efficient Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Trimethylsilyl Cyanide to Aldehydes at Room Temperature.”  Li, Z. –B.; Rajaram, A. R.;  Decharin, N.;  Qin, Y. –C.;  Pu, L.  Tetrahedron Lett.  2005, 46, 2223-2226.

110.

“Synthesis of a New Bisbinaphthyl Macrocycle for Enantioselective Fluorescent Recognition.”  Li, Z. –B.;  Pu, L.  J. Mater. Chem.  2005, 15, 2860 - 2864.

109.

“One-Step Synthesis of a Bifunctional BINOL Ligand for the Highly Enantioselective Cyanation of Aliphatic Aldehydes.”  Qin, Y. –C.;  Liu, L.;  Pu, L.  Org. Lett.  2005, 7(12), 2381-2383.

108.

“Nanowell Device for the Electrical Characterization of Metal–Molecule–Metal Junctions.”  Mjumdar, N.;  Gergel, N.;  Routenberg, D.;  Harriott, L. R.;  Bean, J. C.;  Li, B.;  Pu, L.;  Yao,  Y.;  Tour, J. M.  J. Vacumm Sci. Tech.  2005, 23, 1417-1421.

107.

“Highly Enantioselective Fluorescent Recognition of α-Amino Acid Derivatives.”  Lin, J.;  Li, Z. –B.;  Zhang, H. –C.;  Pu, L.  Tetrahedron Lett.  2004, 45, 103-106.

106.

“Fluorescence of Organic Molecules in Chiral Recognition.”  Pu, L.  Chem. Rev.  2004, 104, 1687-1716.

105.

“Highly Enantioselective Alkyne Additions to Aldehydes in the Presence of BINOL and HMPA.”  Gao, G.;  Xie, R. –G.;  Pu, L.  Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.  2004, 101, 5417-5420.

104.

“Synthesis of Helical Polybinaphthyls.”  Zhang, H. -C.;  Pu, L.  Macromolecules  2004, 37, 2695 - 2702.

103.

“BINOL-Salen Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Alkyne Additions to Aromatic Aldehydes.”  Li, Z. –B.;  Pu, L.  Org. Lett.  2004, 6, 1065-1068. 

102.

“3,3’-Functionalized Octahydro-BINOL:  A Facile Synthesis and Its High Enantioselectivity in the Alkyne Addition to Aldehydes.”  Liu, L.;  Pu, L.  Tetrahedron  2004, 60, 7427-7430.

101.

“Enantioselective Fluorescent Recognition of Chiral Acids by 3- and 3,3’-Aminomethyl Substituted BINOLs.”  Lin, J.;  Rajaram, A. R.;  Pu, L.  Tetrahedron  2004, 60, 11277-11281.

100.

“Macrocyclic Bisbinaphthyl Fluorophores and Their Acyclic Analogs:  Signal Amplification and Chiral Recognition.”  Li, Z. –B.;  Lin, J.;  Zhang, H. –C.;  Sabat, M.;  Hyacinth, M.;  Pu, L.  J. Org. Chem.  2004, 69, 6284 - 6293.

99.

“Hyperbranched Hydrogen Bond Acidic Polycarbosilanes for Chemical Sensor Applications.”  Simonson, D. L.;  Houser, E. J.;  Stepnowski, J. L.;  Pu, L.;  McGill, R. A.  Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. Preprints  2003, 89, 866-867.

98.

“Asymmetric Alkynylzinc Additions to Aldehydes and Ketones.” Pu, L. Tetrahedron Report 660 in Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 9873-9886.

97.

“Synthesis and Ionochromic Effect of Hyperbranched and Linear Poly(thienylene-phenylene)s.” Xu, M. -H.; Zhang, H. -C.; Pu, L. Macromolecules 2003, 36, 2689-2694.

96.

"Synthesis of Chiral Polybinaphthyls with Novel Conjugated Chromophores." Zhang, H. -C.; Pu, L. Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 1703-1709.

95.

“Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones Using Polymeric BINOL”. Jayaprakasha, D.; Kobayashia, Y.; Araia, T.; Hu, Q. -S. Zheng, X. -F.; Pu, L.; Sasai, H. J. Molecular Catalysis 2003, 196, 145-149.

94.

“Synthesis and Study of Binaphthyl-Based Chiral Dendrimers”. Pu, L. J. Photochem. Photobio. 2003, 155, 47-55.

93.

“A Binaphthyl-bithiophene Copolymer for Light-Emitting Devices.” Liu, Y. Q.; Yu, G.; Jen, A. K. Y.; Hu, Q. S.; Pu, L. Macromol. Chem. Physic. 2002, 203(1), 37-40.

92.

"A Practical Enantioselective Fluorescent Sensor for Mandelic Acid." Lin, J.; Hu, Q. -S.; Xu, M. H.; Pu, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 2088-2089.

91.

“BINOL Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Terminal Alkyne Additions to Aromatic Aldehydes.” Moore, D.; Pu, L. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 1855-1857.

90.

“Asymmetric Catalysis by 1,1'-Binaphthyl Compounds with Conformation-Defined 3,3'-Aryl Substituents.” Simonson, D.; Kingsbury, K.; Xu, M. –H.; Hu, Q. –S.; Sabat, M.; Pu, L. Tetrahedron 2002, 58, 8189-8193.

89.

“Bisbinaphthyl Macrocycle-Based Highly Enantioselective Fluorescent Sensors for α-Hydroxycarboxylic Acids.” Lin, J.; Zhang, H. –C.; Pu, L. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 3297-3300.

88.

“Novel Unsymmetrically Hyperbranched Polythiophenes with Conjugation Gradient.” Xu, M. –H.; Pu, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 6347–6350.

87.

“Greatly Enhanced Enantioselectivity by an Apparently Remote Steric Effect in the 1,1’-Binaphthyl-Catalyzed Alkynylzinc Addition to Aldehydes.” Moore, D.; Huang, W. –S.; Xu, M. –H.; Pu, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 2002, 43, 8831-8834.

86.

“Highly Enantioselective Phenylacetylene Additions to both Aliphatic and Aromatic Aldehydes.” Gao, G.; Moore, D.; Xie, R. –G.; Pu, L. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4143 - 4146.

85.

“Fluorescent Sensors for the Enantioselective Recognition of Mandelic Acid: Signal Amplification by Dendritic Branching." Xu, M. -H.; Lin, J.; Hu, Q. -S.; Pu, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 14239-14246.

84.

“A New 1,1’-Binaphthyl-Based Catalyst for the Enantioselective Phenylacetylene Addition to Aromatic Aldehydes without Using a Titanium Complex.” Xu, M. –H.; Pu, L. Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 4555-4557.

83.

"Asymmetric Organozinc Additions Catalyzed by Polybinaphthyls." Pu, L. In Frontiers of Biotechnology & Pharmaceuticals Science Press: New York, 2002, V 3, pp 325-336.

82.

"Synthesis and Study of Optically Active Polydendrimers." Wyatt, S. R.; Hu, Q. -S.; Yan, X. -L.; Bare, W.; Pu, L. Macromolecules 2001, 34, 7983-7988.

81.

"Synthesis of a Chiral Micelle-Like Dendrimer with Phenylene Dendrons and a 1,1'-Binaphthyl Core." Gong, L. -Z.; Pu, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 7337-7340.

80.

"Construction of an ortho-Phenol Polymer." Xu, M. -H.; Lin, Z. -M.; Pu, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 6235-6238.

79.

"Optically Active 1,1'-Binaphthyl Core-Based Phenyleneethynylene Dendrimers for the Enantioselective Fluorescent Recognition of Amino Alcohols." Pugh, V.; Hu, Q. -S.; Zuo, X. -B.; Lewis, F. D.; Pu, L. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 6136-6140.

78.

"Optically Active Dendrimers with a Binaphthyl Core and Phenylene Dendrons: Light Harvesting and Enantioselective Fluorescent Sensing." Gong, L. -Z.; Hu, Q. -S.; Pu, L. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 2358-2367.

77.

"Catalytic Asymmetric Organozinc Additions to Carbonyl Compounds." Pu, L.; Yu, H. -B. Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 757-824.

76.

"Biaryl-Based Macrocyclic and Polymeric Chiral (Salophen)Ni(II) Complexes: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study." Zhang, H. -C.; Huang, W. -S.; Pu, L. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 481-487.

75.

"3,3'-PolyBINOL". Pu, L. e-Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis 2001.

74.

"Immobilization of Heterobimetallic Multifunctional Asymmetric Catalyst." Arai, T.; Hu, Q. -S.; Zheng, X. -F.; Pu, L.; Sasai, H. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 4261-4263.

73.

"The First Optically Active BINOL-BINAP Copolymer Catalyst: Highly Stereoselective Tandem Asymmetric Reactions." Yu, H. -B.; Hu, Q. -S.; Pu, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 6500-6501. For a feature report, see: "What's Up with BINOL and BINAP". Rouhi, A. M. Chemical and Engineering News 2000, 78(36), 40-42. (September 4, 2000)

72.

"The First Dendrimer-Based Enantioselective Fluorescent Sensor for the Recognition of Chiral Amino Alcohols." Pugh, V.; Hu, Q. -S.; Pu, L. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 3638-3641.

71.

"Novel Chiral Conjugated Macromolecules for Potential Electrical and Optical Applications." Pu, L. A Feature Article in Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2000, 21, 795-809.

70.

"The Asymmetric Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction of Enamide Aldehydes with Danishifsky's Diene and an Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Binaphthyl Ligands." Gong, L. -Z.; Pu, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 2327-2331.

69.

"Synthesis of a Rigid and Optically Active Poly(BINAP) and Its Application in Asymmetric Catalysis." Yu, H. -B.; Hu, Q. -S.; Pu, L. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 1681-1685.

68.

"A Binaphthyl-Based Conjugated Polymer for Light-Emitting Diodes." Zheng, L.; Urian, R. C.; Liu, Y.; Jen, A. K. -Y.; Pu, L. Chem. Materials 2000, 12, 13-15.

67.

"New and Improved Ligands for Highly Enantioselective Diphenylzinc Additions to Aryl Aldehydes." Huang, W. -S.; Pu, L. Tetrahedron. Lett. 2000, 41, 145-149.

66.

"Synthesis of Rigid Chiral Polymers for Asymmetric Diels-Alder Reactions." Hu, Q. -S.; Pu, L. Polymer Preprints 2000, 41(1), 16-17.

65.

"Synthesis of Electroluminescent Polybinaphthyls." Wyatt, S. R.; Pu, L. Polymer Preprints 2000, 41(1), 190-191.

64.

"1,1'-Binaphthyl-Based Polymers and Dendrimers as Electrical and Optical Materials." Pu, L. Polymer Preprints 2000, 41(1), 904-905.

63.

"Application of Chiral Polybinaphthyl-Based Lewis Acid Catalysts to the Asymmetric Organozinc Additions to Aldehydes." Pu, L. in Tailored Polymers and Applications Yagci, Y.; Mishra, M. K.; Nuyken, O.; Ito, K.; Wnek, G. Ed. VSP International Science Publishers: The Netherlands, 2000, p. 197-206. Selected from the presentations at Polymer Frontiers Int'l - APME'99, Colonial Williamsburg, VA, August 1-4, 1999.

62.

"Efficient Light-Emitting Diodes Based on a Novel Binaphthalene-Containing Polymer." Jen, A. K. -Y.; Liu, Y.; Hu, Q. -S.; Pu, L. Applied Physics Lett. 1999, 75(24), 3745-3747.

61.

"From Highly Enantioselective Monomeric Catalysts to Highly Enantioselective Polymeric Catalysts: Application of Rigid and Sterically Regular Chiral Binaphthyl Polymers to the Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Secondary Alcohols." Huang, W. -S.; Hu, Q. -S.; Pu, L. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 7940-7956.

60.

"The Asymmetric Epoxidations of a,b-Unsaturatred Ketones Catalyzed by Chiral Polybinaphthyls: Greatly Enhanced Enantioselectivity by a Cooperation of the Catalytic Sites in a Polymer Chain." Yu, H. -B.; Zheng, X. -F.; Lin, Z. -M.; Hu, Q. -S.; Huang, W. -S.; Pu, L. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 8149-8155.

59.

"Synthesis of Chiral Conjugated Propeller-Like Polymers Using Optically Active 1,1'-Binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine Derivatives." Cheng, H.; Pu, L. Macromol. Chem. Physic. 1999, 200, 1274-1283.

58.

"Structurally Rigid and Optically Active Dendrimers." Hu, Q. -S.; Pugh, V.; Sabat, M.; Pu, L. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 7528-7536.

57.

"Study of Chiral 1,1'-Binaphthyl-Based Helical Polymers as Nonlinear Optical Materials." Elshocht, S. V.; Verblest, T.; Ma, L.; Cheng, H.; Musick, K. Y.; Pu, L., Persoons, A. Chem. Phy. Lett. 1999, 309, 315.

56.

"A Highly Enantioselective Hetero Diels-Alder Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral Polybinaphthyl-Aluminum Complexes." Johannsen, M.; Jørgensen, K. A.; Zheng, X. -F.; Hu, Q. -S.; Pu, L. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 299-301.

55.

"The First Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Polymeric Catalyst for the 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrones with Alkenes." Simonsen, K. B.; Jørgensen, K. A.; Hu, Q. -S.; Pu, L. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1999, 811-812.

54.

"Rigid and Sterically Regular Chiral 1,1'-Binaphthyl Polymers in Asymmetric Catalysis." Pu, L. Chem. European J. 1999, 5, 2227-2232.

53.

"The First Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Diphenylzinc Additions to Aldehydes: Synthesis of Chiral Diarylcarbinols by Asymmetric Catalysis." Huang, W. -S.; Pu, L. J. Org. Chem.. 1999, 64, 4222-4223.

52.

"Synthesis and Application of Chiral Conjugated Polymers and Dendrimers." Pu, L. Proceedings of Materials Research Society Meeting, Boston, November 1999.

51.

"Chiral Polymers in Asymmetric Catalysis: An Optically Active Polybinaphthyl-Ti(IV) Catalyst for an Asymmetric Alkyl Addition to Aldehydes." Yu, H. -B.; Zheng, X. -F.; Hu, Q. -S.; Pu, L. Polymer Preprints 1999,40(1), 546.

50.

"Chiral Conjugated Polymers: New Materials and Asymmetric Catalysis." Pu, L. Proceeding of the International Symposium on Molecular Devices Japan, January 26-27, 1999, 160.

49.

"Conjugated Polymers with Main Chain Chirality." Pu, L. A solicited review on the research in our laboratory as a Chapter in the book: Electrical and Optical Polymer Systems: Fundamentals, Methods, and Applications. Wise, D. L.; Wnek, G. E.; Trantolo, D. J.; Cooper, T. M.; Gresser, J. D. Ed. Marcel Dekkar Inc: New York, 1998, Chapter 24.

48.

"Synthesis of an Optically Active Minor-Groove Polybinaphthyl and Its Application in Asymmetric Catalysis." Lin, Z. -M.; Hu, Q. -S.; Pu, L. Polymer Preprints 1998, 39(1), 235.

47.

"Chiral Effects in Second-Order Nonlinear Optics." Persoons, A.; Kauranen, M.; Van Elshocht, S.; Verbiest, T.; Ma, L.; Pu, L.; Langeveld-Voss, B. M. W.; Meijer, E. W. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1998, 315, 93.

46.

"Recent Developments in Asymmetric Catalysis Using Synthetic Polymers with Main Chain Chirality." Pu, L. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9, 1457-1477.

45.

"1,1'-Binaphthyl Dimers, Oligomers and Polymers: Molecular Recognition, Asymmetric Catalysis and New Materials." Pu, L. Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 2405-2494.

44.

"A Highly General Catalyst for the Asymmetric Reaction of Aldehydes with Diethylzinc." Huang, W. -S.; Hu, Q. -S.; Pu, L. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 1364-1365.

43.

"Synthesis of Binaphthyl-Oligothiophene Copolymers with Emissions of Different Colors: Systematically Tuning the Photoluminescence of Conjugated Polymers." Musick, K. Y.; Hu, Q. -S.; Pu, L. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 2933-2942.

42.

"A Dipole Oriented Chiral Conjugated Polymer and Multipolar Chiral Macrocycles." Ma, L.; Pu, L. Macromol. Chem. Physic. 1998, 199, 2395-2401.

41.

"Characterization of Novel Optically Active Conjugated Polyarylenes and Poly(aryleneethynylene)s by a Combination of Laser Light Scattering and Gel Permeation Chromatography". Kwan, C. M. S.; Hu, Q. -S.; Ma, L.; Pu, L.; Wu, C. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Physics 1998, 36, 2615-2622.

40.

"A New Approach to Highly Enantioselective Polymeric Chiral Catalysts." Hu, Q. -S.; Huang, W. -S.; Pu, L. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 2798-2799.

39.

"Femtosecond Studies of Exciton Dynamics in a Novel Main Chain Chiral Conjugated Poly(arylenevinylene)." Zhang, J. Z.; Kreger, M. A.; Hu, Q.-S.; Vitharana, D.; Pu, L.; Brock, P. J.; Scott, J. C. J. Chem. Phys. 1997, 106, 3710-3720.

38.

"A New Class of Chiral Conjugated Polymers with a Propeller-Like Structure." Ma, L.; Hu, Q. -S.; Vitharana, D.; Wu, C.; Kwan, C. M. S.; Pu, L. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 204.

37.

"The Study of Chiral Conjugated Polymers." Pu, L. The first review of chiral conjugated polymers as a Feature Article solicited by the editors. Acta Polymerica 1997, 48, 116-141.

36.

"Functionalized Major-Groove and Minor-Groove Polybinaphthyls: Application in the Asymmetric Reaction of Aldehydes with Diethylzinc." Hu, Q. -S.; Huang, W. -S.; Vitharana, D.; Zheng, X. -F.; Pu, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 12454-12464.

35.

"Development of Highly Enantioselective Polymeric Catalysts Using Rigid and Sterically Regular Chiral Polybinaphthols." Huang, W. -S.; Hu, Q. -S.; Zheng, X. -F.; Anderson, J.; Pu, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 4313-4314.

34.

"The First Water Soluble Metal-Enediyne Complexes. Structural Characterization of trans-[Os(en)2(L)(Br)]+Br- (L = 1,6-bistrimethylsilyl-3-ene-1,5-hexadiyne)." Hasegawa, T.; Pu, L. J. Organomet. Chem. 1997, 527, 287-290.

33.

"The Asymmetric Reaction of Aldehydes with Dialkylzincs Catalyzed by Polybinaphthols." Pu, L. Proceedings of ChiraTech'97 Conference 1997, November 11-13.

32.

"Chiral Conjugated Polymers and Their Application in Asymmetric Catalysis." Pu, L. Proceedings of Symposium on Frontiers of Chemistry , Hong Kong 1997, 454.

31.

"Synthesis of an Optically Active Poly(aryleneethynylene) Containing Extended Conjugation in the Repeat Unit." Ma, L.; Hu, Q. -S.; Pu, L. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 3103-3106.

30.

"The First Sterically Regular Chiral Conjugated Crown Ether Polymer." Cheng, H.; Ma, L.; Hu, Q.-S.; Zheng, X. -F.; Anderson, J.; Pu, L. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 3083-3086.

29.

"Poly(1,1'-bi-2-naphthol)s: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Lewis Acid Catalysis." Hu, Q. -S.; Vitharana, D.; Zheng, X. -F.; Wu, C.; Kwan, C. M. S.; Pu, L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8370-8377.

28.

"The First Optically Active and Sterically Regular Poly(1,1'-bi-2-naphthol): Precursors to a New Generation of Polymeric Catalysts." Hu, Q. -S.; Zheng, X. -F.; Pu, L. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 5200-5201.

27.

"Femtosecond Studies of Exciton Dynamics in a Novel Optically Active Conjugated Polymer." Zhang, J. Z.; Kreger, M. A.; Goka, E. H.; Pu, L.; Hu, Q. -S.; Vitharana, D.; Rothberg, L. J. Springer Ser. Chem. Phys. 1996, 62, 284.

26.

"Chiral Conjugated Propeller Polymers." Ma, L.; Hu, Q. -S.; Vitharana, D.; Pu, L. Polymer Preprints 1996, 37(2), 462.

25.

"Synthesis of an 1,1'-Binaphthyl Based Main Chain Chiral Conjugated Polymer." Hu, Q.-S.; Vitharana, D.R.; Pu, L. in Electrical, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Organic Solid State Materials III, Jen, A. K.-Y.; Lee, C.Y.-C.; Dalton, L.R.; Rubner, M.F.; Wnek, G.E.; Chiang, L.Y. Ed., MRS: Pittsburgh, 1996, p. 621.

24.

"An Optically Active Polybinaphthyl. Nickel(0) Mediated Polymerization of 6,6'-Dibromo-2,2'-dihexyloxy-1,1'-binaphthyl." Vitharana, D.; Hu, Q. -S.; Pu, L. Polymer Preprints 1996, 37(1), 855.

23.

"Conjugated Polymers with Main Chain Chirality. 3. Synthesis of Optically Active Poly(aryleneethynylenes)." Ma, L.; Hu, Q. -S.; Musick, K.; Vitharana, D.; Wu, C.; Kwan, C. M. S.; Pu, L. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 5083-5090.

22.

"Conjugated Polymers with Main Chain Chirality. 2. Synthesis of Optically Active Poly(arylenes)." Hu, Q. -S.; Vitharana, D.; Liu, G.; Jain, V.; Pu, L. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 5075-5082.

21.

"Conjugated Polymers with Main Chain Chirality. 1. Synthesis of an Optically Active Poly(arylenevinylene)." Hu, Q. -S.; Vitharana, D.; Liu, G.; Jain, V.; Wagaman, M. W.; Zhang, L.; Lee, T. R.; Pu, L. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1082-1084.

20.

"An Efficient and Practical Direct Resolution of Racemic 1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol to Both of Its Pure Enantiomers." Hu, Q. -S.; Vitharana, D. R.; Pu, L. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 2123-2126.

19.

"Poly-(1,4-Naphthalene Vinylenes): Synthesis of a New Class of Soluble Conducting Polymers. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Benzobarrelenes." Pu, L.; Wagaman, M. W.; Grubbs, R. H. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1138.

18.

"Electroluminescence and Photoluminescence of Conjugated Polymers and Oligomers." Leising, G.; Kopping-Grem, G.; Meghdadi, F.; Niko, A.; Tasch, S.; Fischer, W.; Pu, L.; Wagaman, M.; Grubbs, R. G. Proc. SPIE-Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 1995, 307-314, 2527.

17.

"Red-Orange Electroluminescence with New Soluble and Air-Stable Poly(Naphthalene-Vinylene)s." Tasch, S.; Graupner, W.; Leising, G.; Pu, L.; Wagaman, M. W.; Grubbs, R.H. Adv. Mater. 1995, 7, 903.

16.

"Formal Vinylidene Ligand Insertion into a Metal Halide Bond." O'Connor, J. M.; Hiibner, K.; Merwin, R.; Pu, L.; Rheingold, A. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 8861.

15.

"New Syntheses of Benzobarrelenes." Pu, L.; Grubbs, R.H. J. Org. Chem., 1994, 59, 1351.

14.

"Structure of the First Stable Ethene-Ethyne Metal Complex: Reaction of an Osmium(II) Dihydrogen Complex with Alkenes and Alkynes." Pu, L.; Hasegawa, T.; Parkin, S.; Taube, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 2545.

13.

"Conversion of Osmacyclopentatriene to Osmahexatriene by an 1,2-Hydrogen Shift." Pu, L.; Hasegawa, T.; Parkin, S.; Taube, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7609.

12.

"Osmacyclopentatriene Complexes: Structural Chracterization of [Os(en)2(C4Me4)]CF3SO3)2." Pu, L.; Hasegawa, T.; Parkin, S.; Taube, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 2712.

11.

"On the Mechanism of a New Metallacycle Annelation Reaction: Evidence of an Intramolecular Methoxy Group Transfer." O'Connor, J. M.; Pu, L.; Rheingold, A. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9663.

10.

"Metallacycle Annelation: Reaction of a Metallacycle α-Substituent and a Vinylidene Ligand to Give a Metallabicyclolactone Complex." O'Connor, J. M.; Pu, L.; Chadha, R. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9627.

9.

"Surreptitious Involvement of a Metallacycle Substituent in Metal-Mediated Alkyne Cleavage Chemistry." O'Connor, J. M.; Pu, L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9013.

8.

"Carbene Ligand Insertion into a Metallacycle Ring: A Metallacyclopentadiene to Metallacyclobutene Conversion." O'Connor, J. M.; Pu, L.; Woolard, S.; Chadha, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6731.

7.

"Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Annelated Carbon Rings which Incorporate a Bridgehead Transition Metal." O'Connor, J. M.; Pu, L.; Chadha, R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 543.

6.

"Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Metallacycle-Carbene and -Bis(Carbene) Complexes. A New Intramolecular Carbene-Carbene Coupling Process." O'Connor, J. M.; Pu, L.; Rheingold, A. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 6232.

5.

"Oxidative Coupling of cis-Carbene Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of an Ir(III) Bis(oxacyclopentylidene) Complex." O'Connor, J.M.; Pu, L.; Rheingold, A.L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4129.

4.

"A New Mode of Carbene Reactivity: Coupling with Two Alkynes to Generate Highly Substituted Cyclopentanoid Products." O'Connor, J. M.; Pu, L.; Uhrhammer, R.; Johnson, J. A.; Rheingold, A. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1889.

3.

"Metal-Mediated Cyclization of Alkynes and Carbenes: A New Route Toward Highly Substituted Cyclopentanoids." O'Connor, J. M.; Pu, L.; Johnson, J. A.; Uhrhammer, R. in Advances in Metal Carbene Chemistry, U. Schubert, Ed., Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, Holland, 1989, p. 43.

2.

"Nucleophilic Cleavage of the sp3 Carbon-Oxygen Bond in Alkoxycarbene Complexes: Conversion of 2-Oxacyclopentylidene Ligands to Pyridinium-Substituted Acyl ligands." O'Connor, J. M.; Pu, L.; Rheingold, A. L. Organometallics 1988, 7, 2060.

1.

"The First Stable Metallacycle-Carbene Complexes: Structural Characterization of Ir(CR=CRCR=CR)(CO)(PPh3)2(=C(CH2)3O)+BF4-, R=CO2CH3." O'Connor, J. M.; Pu, L.; Rheingold, A. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 7578. Chem. Engin. News Dec. 7, 1987.