Course Descriptions

Although ARCH, AR H, L AR, and PLAN are preprofessional and professional courses, not all are restricted to School of Architecture students. If students outside the school wish to enroll in one of these courses, they should secure the approval of the faculty member offering that course. Even in professionally-oriented courses, some faculty members encourage and welcome such participation.

Architecture

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ARCH 101 - (3) (Y)
Lessons of the Lawn
The study of architecture as a speculation on origins is located at the conjunctive core of any liberal arts curriculum and serves as the physical armature and conceptual foundation of the University. This course is concerned with the contemporary imagination, attempting to make the discipline of architecture meaningful to a wide range of citizens in its public obligation to be constructive and optimistic in the most profoundly ethical, pragmatic, and magical of terms.

ARCH 102 - (3) (Y)
Lessons in Making
This course explores the delights and dilemmas of making physical objects. With simple tools and modest materials (paper and pencils, brushes and paint, cardboard and earth) we will make drawings, paintings, sculptures and architectural designs. In the context of this course, to make means to imagine, invent and design; it also means to study, research and analyze. Making engages both our minds and our bodies-our hands and muscles, as well as all our senses. We will thus study not only the objects of our making, but also the different ways in which we perceive-the ways we see, touch, taste, smell and hear our physical environment.

ARCH 201, 202 - (4) (6) (Y)
Introduction to Architectural Design
Explores the humanistic determinants of form; architecture as both experience and formal proposition; analysis and synthesis in the design process; and the communication of design intentions.

ARCH 301, 302 - (6) (Y)
Architectural Design
Prerequisite: ARCH 201, 202.
Analyzes architectural design conceptualization and synthesis; the relationship of building, site, and basic technology as determinants in architectural form; and the integration of various disciplines and concerns in the design of a complete building.

ARCH 303 - (4) (Y)
Building I
Introduces the technology involved in the design and construction of buildings, emphasizing the nature of materials and their practical assembly. A parallel intention to ARCH 301 and 302, it presents a vocabulary that interrelates history, theory, and technology.

ARCH 305 - (2) (Y)
Introduction to Digital Analysis and Representation
The course focuses on the development of skills needed to represent analytical and creative ideas utilizing digital multimedia. Emphasis is placed on the exploration of computer-aided diagramming, abstraction, collage, assemblage and three-dimensional analytical modeling. In addition, weekly lectures, readings and film screenings introduce students to a broad range of topics engaging architecture, technology and culture.

ARCH 308 - (3) (Y)
Architectural Theory and Ethics
Architectural theory acts as a critical discourse parallel to practice—as its conscience and provocation. Buildings, landscapes, and manifestos by architects are scrutinized for significant, recurring themes using methods from aesthetics, philosophy, and criticism. This course relies upon reading, writing, and argument to develop an analytic approach that bridges the gap between architectural knowledge and other forms of knowledge.

ARCH 324 - (4) (Y)
Introduction to Structural Design
Prerequisite: Equivalent college-level physics.
A first course in structures for undergraduates to develop analytic and critical skills through both mathematical and visual investigation. Topics include statics, mechanics of materials, computer-based structural analysis, and the design and behavior of basic structural elements and systems.

ARCH 401, 402 - (6) (Y)
Architectural Design
Prerequisite: ARCH 301, 302.
Explores architectural design problems of complex programs and intermediate scale, emphasizing circulation, formal intent, and specialized technology in both historic and contemporary urban contexts.

ARCH 406 - (4) (Y)
Building II
Explores the relationship between the technology of contemporary construction and the social, political, and economic forces that form the context of architectural practice. Examines the ethical responsibilities of the architect with respect to the unique tools and knowledge of the discipline.

ARCH 444 - (3) (Y)
Digital Moviemaking and Animation
Prerequisite: ARCH 541/542 or 544, or instructor permission.
Explores the simulation of architecture, urban design, and environmental design through movie-making. Examines parallels between the treatment of motion in movies and the treatment of motion in design. These parallels include how film makers and designers treat the space-time continuum, 3-D depth, movement, lighting, and montage. Further examines movie-making as a medium for design exploration, architectural aesthetic expression, and critical analysis of design.

ARCH 482 - (3) (Y)
Teaching Experience
Selected students lead a seminar (of 8 to 10 younger students each) for "Lessons of the Lawn" and "Lessons in Making." All student assistants attend class lectures (for a second time) and then meet with their seminar groups weekly, leading discussions of topics and questions raised by the instructor.

ARCH 500 - (3) (Y)
Vicenza Program
Summer study abroad in Vicenza, Italy. Students will be introduced to Italian culture through the study of architecture, landscape architecture, and city planning. Both the formal ideals as well as the constructed reality of these three subjects will be studied through critical observation and documentation of universal conditions and critical junctures.

ARCH 504-(3) (S)
Architectural Drawing and Sketching
Seeks to develop an increased desire for architectural exploration and discovery by providing instruction in architectural graphic notation, analytical drawing, and free hand sketching. Focuses on the ability of architectural drawing conventions and techniques to expand our understanding of natural and built form, in context.

ARCH 505 - (2) (SS)
Architectural Graphics
Descriptive geometry, perspective, and presentation techniques used in architecture. Required for Path A graduate students.

ARCH 509 - (2) (Y)
Figure Drawing
Hones the faculty of seeing and the skill of drawing through drawing the human figure.

ARCH 511 - (3) (Y)
Design Approaches to Existing Sites
Explores various approaches by designers to the contexts of their work. Examines buildings, urban infrastructure, and landscape interventions, and includes lectures, discussions, and presentations by visitors and students.

ARCH 523 - (3) (Y)
Victorian Technology
Surveys the dramatic changes in building, transportation, and communications technology that occurred in America between 1870 and 1920. Developments such as steel, reinforced concrete, electricity, telephones, etc., directly affected building design and construction.

ARCH 523 - (3) (Y)
Building I
Introduces the technology involved in the design and construction of buidlings, emphasizing the nature of materials and their practical assembly. A parallel intention to ARCH 301 an 302, it presents a vocabulary that interrelates history, theory, and technology.

ARCH 525 - (4) (Y)
Environmental Control Systems and Lighting
Study of fundamental principles applied to the design of thermal and luminous environments, as well as plumbing/drainage and electrical systems. A studio project is selected for additional analysis and design development focusing on the energy-conscious building envelope, mechanical systems selection, natural and artificial lighting schemes, and the building services layout.

ARCH 528 - (3) (Y)
Lighting Design
Development of knowledge and skills in lighting design through the study of exemplary buildings, design exercises, case studies and analyses of lighting conditions. Considers quantitative and qualitative lighting design issues and their synthesis through design.

ARCH 529 - (3) (Y)
Microclimates
Focuses on the wild energies of sun, wind, water, and earth. Students learn to perceive and to represent thses "invisible" energies, and then to invent the means through which architecture can be conceived in concert with them.

ARCH 534 - (3) (Y)
Construction Practice Management
Provides future architects, engineers, lawyers, and developers with an overall understanding of the construction process for commercial, industrial, and institutional projects. Follows the history of a typical project from selection of architect to final completion of construction. Topics include design cost control, cost estimating, bidding procedures, bonds and insurance, contracts and sub-contracts, progress scheduling, fiscal controls, payment requests, submittals, change orders, inspections, overall project administration, and continuing architect-owner-contractor relationships. Lectures and related field trips.

ARCH 538 - (3) (Y)
Construction and Modernism
Discussion of the role of construction in design, focusing on industrialization and its impact on architecture in this century. Emphasizes the ideals and reality of mass production and the ways in which this has and does effect architectural form, both in a direct constructional way, and in a conceptional way.

ARCH 541/542 - (3) (Y)
Computer Aided Architectural Design
Explores design worlds that are made accessible through computer-based media. Lectures provide a theoretical framework for computer-aided design, describe current methods, and speculate on advanced methods. Workshop exercises focus on computer-based 3-D geometrical modeling, including photo-realistic and abstract methods of rendering, materials simulation, texture mapping, reflection mapping, image processing, color-table manipulation, photomontage, lighting, animation, and combined media applications.

ARCH 548 - (3) (Y)
Computables of Architectural Design
Explores the quantitative basis and geometrical order of forms occurring in nature and architecture. Covers instructions, exercises, and examples of coding in a programming language during the first two thirds of the term. Students develop a case study in design methods that extends a CAD system as the basis for a computational project in the last third of the term. Programming knowledge is not assumed; class pace is individually adapted for students with previous experience.

ARCH 554 - (3) (Y)
Architectural Analysis: Key Buildings of Modernism
Investigates the link between ideas and forms of significant buildings in the canon of modern architecture.

ARCH 559 - (3) (Y)
City Design
Introduces the issues of contemporary city design. Examines methods of analyzing urban form, large scale organizational concepts, aesthetic opportunities, and methods of implementation that may be used to shape the sensory qualities of our cities. Recognizing that social, economic, and environmental issues often determine city design, the course emphasizes the design opportunities inherent in these concerns. The intent is to understand what we have done in order to improve what we will do.

ARCH 563 - (2) (Y)
Design of Cities
Cities are physical artifacts that are experienced psychologically and socially. This course investigates the theories surrounding these processes to reach an understanding of humanistic urban design intentions. Experiential realities are explored through case studies, readings, and mapping exercises.

ARCH 565/567 - (2) (Y)
Photography: Landscape & Architecture
The photographic medium is explored in the built and unbuilt environment, although the terms "landscape" and "architecture" can be broadly interpreted. Students learn the basics of camera exposre, as well as black and white developing and printing, but can investigate a variety of photographic media. The primary requirements are a presentation on a contemporary or historic art photographer, and a carefully assembled portfolio or series of images.

ARCH 568 - (3) (Y)
Contemporary Architectural Theory
Readings and lectures covering 1966 to the present, and tracing the development of postmodernism, post-structuralism, and other current movements in architecture. Reference is made to other disciplines, the influence of criticism, the role of the media, and distinctions between theory, criticism, and style.

ARCH 569 - (3) (Y)
Photography and Digital Media
This course seeks to give students the ability to conceive and create digital photographic imagery with control and sophistication. Topics include fundamentals of photography, color theory, digital control of visual qualities, and methods of image montage for both still images and short animations. Methods include production and presentation for both printed hard copy and for the world wide web.

ARCH 581/582 - (3) (Y)
Architectural Crafts
Applies design process and theory to the design and construction of furniture. Investigates jointing, finishing, and construction techniques. Experience with tools is not required.

Architectural History

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AR H 100 - (3) (Y)
History of Architecture: Survey
The history of Western architecture from ancient times to the present.

AR H 101 - (3) (Y)
History of Architecture: Ancient-Medieval
Introduction to the study of Architectural History to the Renaissance.

AR H 102 - (4) (Y)
Renaissance to Modern
Prerequisite: AR H 100 or AR H 101
Introduction to the study of Architectural History from the Renaissance through Modernism.

AR H 112 - (3) (SS)
History of Architecture
Surveys architecture from the Renaissance to the present.

AR H 150 - (3) (Y)
Thomas Jefferson's Architecture
Surveys Jefferson's architectural world with special emphasis on the Lawn.

AR H 303 - (3) (Y)
History of Modern Architecture
Surveys architecture and allied arts from c. 1800 to the present, emphasizing the development of the modern movement.

AR H 331/531 - (3) (O)
Later Medieval Architecture
The architecture of Western Europe from c. 1140-1500.

AR H 333/533 - (3) (E)
Early Medieval Architecture
The architecture of Western Europe from c. 800-1150.

AR H 341 - (3) (Y)
Italian Renaissance Architecture 15th Century
Developments of classicism in Italy between 1400 and 1500.

AR H 342 - (3) (Y)
Renaissance Architecture 16th Century
Developments in classicism in Italy between 1500 and 1600.

AR H 343 - (3) (Y)
European Classical Architecture Outside Italy, 1400-1750
The development of classicism primarily in France, England, and Germany between 1400 and 1750.

AR H 351 - (3) (Y)
Early American Architecture
American architecture from the first European contact to the death of Jefferson. Lectures and field trips.

AR H 352 - (3) (IR)
Later American Architecture
Surveys American architecture from 1800 to the present.

AR H 353 - (3) (Y)
Nineteenth-Century American Architecture
American architecture from 1776 to 1914.

AR H 354 - (3) (Y)
Twentieth-Century American Architecture
Surveys American architecture emphasizing the development of modernism.

AR H 361 - (3) (IR)
Nineteenth-Century European Architecture and Theory
The development of architecture in nineteenth-century Europe, with particular attention to France, England and Germany.

AR H 381/581 - (3) (Y)
East-West Architecture
Studies cultural exchanges in architecture between East and West, emphasizing master architects such as F.L. Wright and L. Kahn.

AR H 382/582 - (3) (Y)
East Asia Architecture
Surveys traditional architecture in China, Japan, and Korea, focusing on the main features and monuments of East Asian and landscape architecture.

AR H 489 - (3) (SI)
Independent Studies in Architectural History
Advanced work on independent research topics by individual students.

AR H 490 - (3) (S)
Major Special Study
Prerequisite: Instructor approval and departmental approval of topic.
Advanced independent research projects by fourth year architectural history students.

AR H 515 - (3) (Y)
Historical Archaeology
Studies the theory, problems, and techniques of the archaeology of the American colonial past on the Atlantic seaboard. Field trips.

AR H 580 - (2-3) (IR)
Selected Topics in Architectural History
Prerequisite: Instructor permission.
Special topics pursued in a colloquium.

AR H 585 - (3) (Y)
World Buddhist Architecture
Studies the history of Buddhist architecture and allied arts in the Buddhist world, including East, South, and Southeast Asia. Lecture starts from the Indian stupas and ends in Japanese Zen gardens.

AR H 587 - (3) (O)
Modern Japanese Architecture
The history of architecture in modern Japan from Meiji period to the present. Focuses on post-WW II development; discusses the major influential architects such as Tange, Kikutake, Maki, Isozaki, Kurokawa, and Ando.

AR H 589 - (3) (SI)
Independent Studies in Architectural History
Prerequisite: Departmental approval of topic.
Advanced work on independent research topics by individual students.

AR H 590 - (3) (Y)
Historic Preservation Theory and Practice
Surveys the history of preservation, focusing on the changing nature of its ideals and practice. Preservation is discussed in the context of cultural history and the changing relationship between existing buildings and landscapes, and attitudes toward history, memory, and invented tradition.

AR H 592 - (3) (Y)
Community History Workshop
An in-depth historical analysis of the architecture, urban form, and planning of a selected community. Focuses on the historical significance of the built landscape as an element in, and an expression of, the social and cultural life of the community.

AR H 594 - (3) (Y)
Community Public History Seminar
Explores a variety of approaches to conveying the architectural and cultural history of a community to a diverse public constituency. Builds upon the analysis developed in AR H 592 (Community History Workshop). Analyzes the preservation implications of the work undertaken in collaboration with students in the preservation studio.

Landscape Architecture

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L AR 505 - (3) (E)
Historic Sites
Studies of methods and techniques of identifying, measuring, documenting, and reporting historic sites, including field work on actual historic sites.

L AR 503 - (2) (SS)
Landscape Drawing and Representation
Explores techniques of drawing, emphasizing free-hand sketching. Required of students entering the graduate landscape architecture program.

L AR 512 - (3) (Y)
History of Landscape Architecture
Examines landscape architecture as an expression of cultural values. Lectures concentrate on a few prototypical examples, emphasizing ancient Egypt, 16th-century Italy, 17th-century France, 17th-century Japan, 18th-century Britain, 17th- and 20th-century America. Comparative case studies are complemented by primary and secondary source readings.

L AR 513 - (3) (Y)
History of American Landscape Architecture
Studies the development of American landscape architecture from the 17th century to the present, emphasizing seminal figures—Jefferson, Downing, Olmsted, Platt, Farrand, Jensen, and selected contemporary designers.

L AR 514 - (3) (Y)
Theories of Modern Landscape Architecture
Prerequisite: L AR 512 or instructor permission.
Examines modern built landscapes as cultural products with their own materials, codes, and concerns. Underscores landscape architecture theory's interlocking relationship with changing societal constructions of nature, environmentalism, and the city. Focuses on exemplary built works of landscape architecture and their impact on, and debt to, specific design treatises or manifestos in light of broader cultural and theoretical practices.

L AR 520 - (3) (Y)
Seminar: Healing Landscapes
Investigates various topics centered on the general theme of designed landscapes as a means of "healing" human beings. Such healing is understood in a broad sense to encompass both physical and mental infirmities. Includes a historical overview of various healing landscapes, an examination of healing practices in various cultures, and field trips to various hospitals, hospices, and out-patient facilities in the Charlottesville area.

L AR 521 - (3) (IR)
Seminar: Contemporary Landscape Design Theory
Explores topics pertaining to contemporary practice studios as environmental art, digital-media and space, etc.

L AR 522 - (3) (Y)
Seminar: "Race, Space and Culture"
Seminar that explores how space relates to issues of cultural identity, foregrounding especially the politics of racial representation and identification. Following such themes as 1) the human/nature threshold; 2) public properties/ private spaces; 3) the urbanizing scene; 4) racializing memory; and 5) the color of sustainability, we examine the spatial implications at work in theories, practices, and experiences of racial formation as well as the racial implications at stake in our apprehensions and conceptions of space.

L AR 523 - (3) (IR)
Historic Landscape Preservation
Readings and discussion of contemporary theory and practices for preserving historic landscapes. Evaluation of those theories and practices through a review of select case studies.

L AR 525 - (3) (Y)
Urban Topographies: The Constructed Landscape
Explores the constructed nature of the contemporary urban landscape from the starting point of the ground. A series of landscapes that exemplify the ambiguous quality of urban ground—as both floor and roof: "terra firma" and made land—will be investigated through lectures, readings, and discussions.

L AR 526 - (3) (Y)
D.I.R.T. Seminar: Doing Industrial Research Together
Includes field work/visits to a variety of brownfield and industrial sites. Readings, lectures, and class discussions focus on the evolving definition and reclamation technologies and of the post-industrial landscape.

L AR 527 - (3) (Y)
Seminar: Race and American Places
Seminar that explores the ways in which multicultural struggle-particularly racial struggle- is manifested spatially in the built environments of America. Examines this through readings in cultural theory and design literature, as well as through filed trips. Relates the concepts introduced in readings to the business of understanding how identity politics influences the way we design and use places around us.

L AR 535 - (4) (Y)
Applied Ecology
Studies the structure, function, and dynamics of natural systems in both built and unbuilt environments. Combines lectures, fieldwork, and case studies. Emphasizes applications of ecological concepts to landscape design through exercises using a local site.

L AR 537 - (4) (Y)
Plants and Environment I
Studies plant types and characteristics in natural and designed environments. Emphasizes field identification, ecological associations and, plant shape and form. Incorporates freehand drawing exercises in the field and in class.

L AR 538 - (4) (Y)
Plants and Environment II
Continued study of plant types and characteristics in natural and designed environments. Emphasizes field identification, ecological associations, and plant shape and form. Incorporates freehand drawing exercises in the field and in class.

Urban and Environmental Planning

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PLAN 103 - (3) (Y)
Introduction to Community and Environmental Planning
Analyzes community and environmental planning in the United States; the planning process; and sustainable communities.

PLAN 201, 202 - (4) (Y)
Planning Design
Studies the principles of design; the architecture of cities and urban design; perception of space and visual analysis; graphic presentation, including mapping techniques; and inventories, information storage, retrieval and use.

PLAN 211 - (3) (Y)
Information Technology in Planning and Architecture
Develops fundamental skills for using computers in planning and architecture. Lectures and workshops include computing fundamentals, Internet access, spreadsheet computation, image processing, document publication, database management, and introduction to geographic information systems.

PLAN 303 - (3) (Y)
Neighborhoods, Community and Regions
Explores theories and concepts of economic, social, and cultural forces that influence urban and regional spatial structure.

PLAN 305 - (3) (Y)
Measuring Community Structure and Change
Analyzes methods used in quantitative and qualitative investigations of urban and regional settings for planning purposes.

PLAN 306 - (3) (Y)
Land, Law and the Environment
Introduces major legal issues surrounding land-use and development planning. Emphasizes developing application skills in terms of zoning, subdivision, and other land-use regulatory powers. (May be taken prior to fourth year.)

PLAN 311 - (3) (IR)
History of Cities and Planning
An overview of the planning profession with emphasis on 19th- and 20th-century American urban history.

PLAN 401 - (3) (Y)
Community Neighborhood Workshop
Explores neighborhood, planning issues from the professionals—and citizens—perspectives.

PLAN 404 - (3) (Y)
Planning in Government: Decisions and Alternatives
Examines the role of planning in government decision-making. Focuses on local government, but intergovernmental aspects of planning that influence local decisions are also stressed. Studies planning processes, such as transportation, community development, and social planning.

PLAN 481, 483, 484 - (1-4) (SI)
Special Study
Elective courses of one credit offered at the request of faculty or students to provide an opportunity for internships, fieldwork, and independent study. Note Third- and fourth-year undergraduate students may, with instructor permission, enroll in selected 500-level courses. A partial list follows:

PLAN 503 - (1) (Y)
Basic Graphics
Introduces basic graphic skills used in communicating and designing in planning situations.

PLAN 512 - (3) (Y)
Geographic Information Systems
Reviews the use of computers in planning, focusing on geographic information systems for collection, analysis, and display of spatial information in urban and environmental contexts.

PLAN 513 - (3) (Y)
Advanced GIS Workshop
Students apply GIS technology to examine significant issues of land, natural resources, and the characteristics of urban development.

PLAN 522 - (3) (IR)
Planning, Budgeting, and Finance
Evaluates the criteria for, and processes of, making budget choices. Examines questions about who should pay, who should benefit, who should participate, and who should decide, along with the consequences of these choices.

PLAN 524 - (3) (O)
Consensus Building, Negotiation and Mediation
Examines the processes by which consensus can be developed, focusing general negotiation theory and skill development, including the concept of principled negotiation; the conflict landscape, including government and non-government organizations; and negotiation resources and opportunities, including organizations, processes, and enabling legislation.

PLAN 529 - (3) (IR)
Special Topics in Policy Planning
Varies annually to fill graduate students' needs in the study of policy planning and analyses.

PLAN 530 - (3) (Y)
Preservation Planning
Studies current literature on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of historic places. Develops techniques for surveying, documenting, evaluating, and planning for preservation. Analyzes current political, economic, and legal issues in preservation planning.

PLAN 534 - (3) (IR)
Urban Revitalization
Explores the problems and potentials encountered in planning for older urban neighborhoods and downtowns. These may range from market decline and physical decay to intense private reinvestment and displacement. Includes neighborhood change processes, the role of private lending institutions, techniques for identifying economically sound housing and business opportunities in older neighborhoods, commercial and residential revitalization techniques, financing neighborhood improvement programs, and historic and architectural preservation as a component of urban revitalization.

PLAN 540 - (3) (Y)
Introduction to Housing and Community Development
Provides an introduction to the housing and community development area of planning practice. Topics include the housing and development industries, housing production and distribution systems, housing demand and supply, housing market dynamics, neighborhood change processes, housing and real estate finance, social aspects of housing and development, and housing and development programs and policy issues.

PLAN 542 - (3) (IR)
Economic Development
Explores the economy of a community or region as an essential element, along with environment and equity, in livability and sustainability. Planners engage economic development by working with the community to assess needs and opportunities, through public-private business partnerships, and in development review.

PLAN 543 - (3) (Y)
Land Development Workshop
Explores the land development process from the perspective of the private land developer interacting with local governments. Includes development potential, site, and traffic analysis; land planning; development programming; and services to accommodate new development and public regulation of land development.

PLAN 544 - (3) (IR)
Neighborhood Planning
As the building blocks of cities, neighborhood plans involve citizens in addressing issues of housing, jobs, public services, education, recreation, and transportation.

PLAN 547 - (3) (Y)
Development Dynamics
Examines the roles of developers, investors, designers, planners, and others, identifying the objectives each have in the development decision process. Discusses the interplay and communications of what constitutes sound economics and good design.

PLAN 549 - (3) (IR)
Special Topics in Housing and Community Development
Varies annually to meet the needs of graduate students in the study of housing and community development.

PLAN 550 - (3) (IR)
Natural Systems and Environmental Planning
Integrates knowledge of natural systems into local planning processes. Emphasizes how natural systems function, the impacts that urban and land development have on their integrity, and community-wide approaches to planning for and managing urban development to reduce or mitigate those impacts.

PLAN 551 - (3) (Y)
Sustainable Communities
Examines sustainable communities and the environmental, social, economic, political, and design standards that underlie them. Focuses on reviewing actual case studies of cities, towns, and development projects that reflect principles of sustainability.

PLAN 552 - (3) (Y)
Sustainable Planning & Design Workshop
Students act as a consultant team to develop sustainable planning and design strategies for sites which rotate each year.

PLAN 553 - (3) (Y)
Environmental Policy and Planning
Examines contemporary environmental policy and practice, including exploration of the normative-philosophical debate surrounding environmental issues. Emphasizes understanding the political and institutional framework for establishing policy and programs; exploring the action approaches to environmental planning including moral suasion, regulation, public investment, and public incentives; and case studies of environmental planning at the federal, state, and local levels.

PLAN 554 - (3) (E)
Environmental Ethics and Sustainability
Detailed exploration of the normative debate surrounding environmental issues. Focus on the foundations of environmental economics, questions about the value of endangered species, concerns of future generations, appropriateness of a sustainable society, notions of stewardship, and obligations toward equity.

PLAN 555 - (3) (IR)
Environmental Impact Assessment
Explores environmental assessment processes and methods from both a theoretical and an applied perspective. Reviews the philosophy and statutory base of the assessment process. Emphasizes the integration of that process with broader jurisdictional planning processes.

PLAN 558 - (3) (O)
Coastal Planning Workshop
Explores the special characteristics of coastal and island settings for their planning significance. Addresses natural hazard mitigation, wetlands, and biodiversity.

PLAN 559 - (3) (IR)
Special Topics in Environmental Planning
Varies annually to meet the needs of graduate students studying environmental planning.

PLAN 560 - (3) (Y)
Land Use Policy and Planning
Introduces the theory and practice of land use planning and growth management as they have evolved historically and as expressed in contemporary practice. Addresses the need and rationale for land use planning as well as its tools.

PLAN 563 - (2) (Y)
Design of Cities
Cities are physical artifacts that are experienced psychologically and socially. This course investigates the theories surrounding these processes to reach an understanding of humanistic urban design intentions. Experiential realities are explored through case studies, readings, and mapping exercises.

PLAN 569 - (3) (IR)
Special Topics in Land Use Planning
Varies from year to year to fill graduate students' needs in the study of land use planning.

PLAN 571 - (3) (IR)
Landscape Preservation Workshop
Examines the legal and practical issues involved in the conservation of rural landscapes, including the settings of historic structures. Reviews the justification for landscape preservation and the planning strategies that can be employed to preserve landscapes, including land use regulations, tax incentives, and conservation easements. Case studies of successful landscape preservation programs are presented and discussed.

PLAN 572 - (3) (Y)
Transportation and Land Use
Reviews basic relationships between land use and transportation. Considers the decision process, planning principles, impact measures, and the methodological framework for identifying and evaluating courses in action on a regional, local, and neighborhood scale. Projects and scale change from year to year.

PLAN 577 - (3) (IR)
Plan Implementation
Emphasizes the use of zoning, subdivision, and other regulations to implement comprehensive plans. Attention is given to capital facilities programming and building codes.